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<div class=Section1>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
color:#1F497D'>From Underwriter Lab documents….<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='text-autospace:none'><span style='font-size:11.0pt;
font-family:"Times-Roman","serif"'> </span><span style='font-family:"Helvetica","sans-serif"'><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='text-autospace:none'><span style='font-size:11.0pt;
font-family:"Times-Roman","serif"'>Testing in 1950s determined that a </span><span
style='font-family:"Helvetica","sans-serif"'><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='text-autospace:none'><span style='font-size:11.0pt;
font-family:"Times-Roman","serif"'>shock and let-go value of not greater than
42.4 volts was </span><span style='font-family:"Helvetica","sans-serif"'><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='text-autospace:none'><span style='font-size:11.0pt;
font-family:"Times-Roman","serif"'>an acceptable level in most dry locations
and would not </span><span style='font-family:"Helvetica","sans-serif"'><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='text-autospace:none'><span style='font-size:11.0pt;
font-family:"Times-Roman","serif"'>be lethal to a person in contact with the
circuit. </span><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"MingLiU_HKSCS","serif"'>This</span><span
style='font-family:"Helvetica","sans-serif"'><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='text-autospace:none'><span style='font-size:11.0pt;
font-family:"Times-Roman","serif"'>value of 42.4 volts peak would not be
acceptable in a wet </span><span style='font-family:"Helvetica","sans-serif"'><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='text-autospace:none'><span style='font-size:11.0pt;
font-family:"Times-Roman","serif"'>location since the resistance of a person’s
body would be </span><span style='font-family:"Helvetica","sans-serif"'><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Times-Roman","serif"'>much
lower in a wet condition.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Times-Roman","serif"'><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
color:#1F497D'>It’s extremely person to person dependent. Our skin resistance
varies wildly and the difference between Dry skin and Wet skin is something
like 100,000 ohms to 1,000 ohms. Sort of a wide range.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
color:#1F497D'><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
color:#1F497D'>But again, the “generally accepted” safe low voltage is 40V, or
in the case of UL Listing, 42.4.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
color:#1F497D'><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
color:#1F497D'>I have to believe that played a big role in the FAI guideline
initially of not exceeding 42V.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
color:#1F497D'><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
color:#1F497D'>AC current is different, both more and less lethal. More
because it fibrillates the heart, but less because you have a chance of letting
go. Very situation dependent. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
color:#1F497D'><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
color:#1F497D'><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
color:#1F497D'><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><b><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif";
color:black'>Mark Atwood</span></b><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:
"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D'><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><b><span style='font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif";
color:black'>Paragon Consulting, Inc.</span></b><span style='font-size:9.0pt;
font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif";color:black'> </span><b><span
style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif";color:black'>|</span></b><span
style='font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif";color:black'> President</span><span
style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D'><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:8.5pt;font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif";
color:black'>5885 Landerbrook Drive Suite
130, Cleveland Ohio, 44124</span><span style='font-size:10.5pt;
font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif";color:black'> </span><span
style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D'><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:8.5pt;font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif";
color:black'>Phone: 440.684.3101 x102 </span><b><span
style='font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif";color:black'>|</span></b><span
style='font-size:8.5pt;font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif";color:black'> Fax:
440.684.3102</span><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
color:#1F497D'><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:8.5pt;font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif";
color:#1351F3'><a href="mailto:mark.atwood@paragon-inc.com">mark.atwood@paragon-inc.com</a>
</span><b><span style='font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif";
color:black'>|</span></b><span style='font-size:8.5pt;font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif";
color:black'> </span><span style='font-size:8.5pt;font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif";
color:#1351F3'><a href="http://www.paragon-inc.com/">www.paragon-inc.com</a></span><span
style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D'><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
color:#1F497D'><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<div style='border:none;border-top:solid #B5C4DF 1.0pt;padding:3.0pt 0in 0in 0in'>
<p class=MsoNormal><b><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif"'>From:</span></b><span
style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif"'>
nsrca-discussion-bounces@lists.nsrca.org
[mailto:nsrca-discussion-bounces@lists.nsrca.org] <b>On Behalf Of </b>Bob
Richards<br>
<b>Sent:</b> Friday, August 20, 2010 12:01 PM<br>
<b>To:</b> General pattern discussion<br>
<b>Subject:</b> Re: [NSRCA-discussion] Question.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</div>
<p class=MsoNormal><o:p> </o:p></p>
<table class=MsoNormalTable border=0 cellspacing=0 cellpadding=0>
<tr>
<td valign=top style='padding:0in 0in 0in 0in'>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"'>>>>The
voltage in a battery is not the lethal element, current of Amperage
is.<<<</span><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal> <o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:13.5pt'>So are you saying that a 1
cell 5000mah pack is dangerous enough to kill 1000 people? :-)</span><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal> <o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:13.5pt'>A 12v car battery can put
out hundreds of amps. It does not kill anyone from electrocution since the
human body is a terrible conductor (high resistance) and 12v is not enough
voltage to cause a significant current to flow through human tissue. So, it
takes a high enough voltage to overcome the resistance of the human body
before enough current flows to cause problems.</span><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><br>
<span style='font-size:13.5pt'>On the other hand, a Tesla coil can produce
over a 100k volts, but a person can touch it because there is so little
current produced - not enough to hurt someone.</span><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal> <o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:13.5pt'>It takes a source with a
high enough potential (voltage) to overcome the human resistance, along with
enough current capacity, before harm can be done.</span><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal> <o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:13.5pt'>The exact values that can
be considered dangerous can be debated. 50ma will not always be dangerous -
it won't feel good, however. OTOH, less than 20ma under the right
circumstances can be lethal.</span><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal> <o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:13.5pt'>Bob R.</span><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal> <o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><br>
--- On <b>Thu, 8/19/10, Randall Bearden <i><rbearden56@bellsouth.net></i></b>
wrote:<o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<blockquote style='border:none;border-left:solid #1010FF 1.5pt;padding:0in 0in 0in 4.0pt;
margin-left:3.75pt;margin-top:5.0pt;margin-bottom:5.0pt'>
<p class=MsoNormal><o:p> </o:p></p>
<div id=yiv866401968>
<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-bottom:12.0pt'><span style='font-size:11.0pt;
font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"'>The voltage in a battery is not the
lethal element, current of Amperage is. I believe the voltage is to
limit the number of cells that can be used for the power source. Each
will have 3.6 volts so you can see that 11 cells in series can will
have 39.6 volts. The number of cells in parallel will add up to
the current you need for the engine to produce power. Letha current is
about 50 mA or 0.05 Amps of current.<br>
<br>
On 8/19/10 3:22 PM, "Atwood, Mark" <atwoodm@paragon-inc.com>
wrote:</span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-bottom:12.0pt'><span style='font-size:11.0pt;
font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D'>I can’t answer the
“checking” question, as I have never had mine checked, but I “think” I was
told they did at the worlds. As to why the limit on voltage, that’s
simply a safety issue. 40V dc is generally accepted as the
threshold for non-lethal dc voltage. Your skins natural resistance will
prevent enough current from going through you at that voltage to kill you
(though as many have experienced, it can burn the crap out of your fingers).
That said, if you had electrodes poked through the skin, it could
still toast you. <br>
<br>
There has been talk about raising that limit to accommodate 12s batteries
which FAI has done for the Heli F3C competitions. I doubt you’ll see it
go above that. I’m actually surprised that the AMA hasn’t put an
upper limit (or maybe they have and I’m unaware) for the same safety reason.<br>
<br>
I can only imagine what a good old fashioned electrocution would do for our
image. Big bird fun fry…<br>
<br>
<br>
<br>
</span><b><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif"'>Mark
Atwood<br>
</span></b><b><span style='font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif"'>Paragon
Consulting, Inc.</span></b><span style='font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif"'>
</span><b><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif"'>|</span></b><span
style='font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif"'> President<br>
</span><span style='font-size:8.0pt;font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif"'>5885
Landerbrook Drive Suite 130, Cleveland Ohio, 44124</span><span
style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif"'> <br>
</span><span style='font-size:8.0pt;font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif"'>Phone:
440.684.3101 x102 </span><b><span style='font-size:9.0pt;font-family:
"Verdana","sans-serif"'>|</span></b><span style='font-size:8.0pt;font-family:
"Verdana","sans-serif"'> Fax: 440.684.3102<br>
<span style='color:blue'>mark.atwood@paragon-inc.com</span><span
style='color:#1351F3'> <<a
href="http://us.mc11.mail.yahoo.com/mc/compose?to=mark.atwood@paragon-inc.com"
target="_blank">mailto:mark.atwood@paragon-inc.com</a>> </span></span><b><span
style='font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif"'>|</span></b><span
style='font-size:8.0pt;font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif"'> <span
style='color:blue'>www.paragon-inc.com</span><span style='color:#1351F3'>
<<a href="http://www.paragon-inc.com/" target="_blank">http://www.paragon-inc.com/</a>>
<br>
</span></span><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
color:#1F497D'><br>
</span><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"'><br>
</span><b><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif"'>From:</span></b><span
style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif"'>
nsrca-discussion-bounces@lists.nsrca.org [<a
href="http://us.mc11.mail.yahoo.com/mc/compose?to=nsrca-discussion-bounces@lists.nsrca.org"
target="_blank">mailto:nsrca-discussion-bounces@lists.nsrca.org</a>] <b>On
Behalf Of </b>Tim Taylor<br>
<b>Sent:</b> Thursday, August 19, 2010 3:13 PM<br>
<b>To:</b> nsrca-discussion@lists.nsrca.org<br>
<b>Subject:</b> [NSRCA-discussion] Question.<br>
</span><br>
<span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"'><br>
</span><b><span style='font-size:10.0pt'>4. Model Aircraft
Requirements: </span></b><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"'><br>
</span><b><span style='font-size:10.0pt'>4.1: Propulsion source
limitations: </span></b><span style='font-size:10.0pt'>Electrically-powered
model aircraft are limited to a maximum of 42.56 volts for the propulsion
circuit, measured prior to flight while the competitor is in the ready box. </span><span
style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"'><br>
</span> <span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"'><br>
</span><span style='font-size:10.0pt'>I see Electrics have a
"Displacement" limit, why are they limited and the IC engines not?</span><span
style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"'> <br>
</span> <span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"'><br>
</span><span style='font-size:10.0pt'>I also see they must be
checked in the ready box prior to each flight, anyone ever have this check
done? Even at the worlds?</span><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:
"Calibri","sans-serif"'> <br>
</span> <span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"'><br>
</span><span style='font-size:10.0pt'>Or is this another ignored
rule?</span><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"'>
<br>
</span> <span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"'><br>
</span><span style='font-size:10.0pt'>Tim</span><span
style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"'> <br>
<br>
<br>
<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<div class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center'><span
style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"'>
<hr size=3 width="95%" align=center>
</span></div>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Courier New"'>_______________________________________________<br>
NSRCA-discussion mailing list<br>
NSRCA-discussion@lists.nsrca.org<br>
<a href="http://lists.nsrca.org/mailman/listinfo/nsrca-discussion"
target="_blank">http://lists.nsrca.org/mailman/listinfo/nsrca-discussion</a></span><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-bottom:12.0pt'><br>
-----Inline Attachment Follows-----<o:p></o:p></p>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal>_______________________________________________<br>
NSRCA-discussion mailing list<br>
<a
href="http://us.mc11.mail.yahoo.com/mc/compose?to=NSRCA-discussion@lists.nsrca.org">NSRCA-discussion@lists.nsrca.org</a><br>
<a href="http://lists.nsrca.org/mailman/listinfo/nsrca-discussion"
target="_blank">http://lists.nsrca.org/mailman/listinfo/nsrca-discussion</a><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
</blockquote>
</td>
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