<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.0 Transitional//EN">
<HTML XMLNS:O><HEAD>
<META http-equiv=Content-Type content="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1">
<META content="MSHTML 6.00.6000.16587" name=GENERATOR></HEAD>
<BODY bgColor=#ffffff>
<DIV><FONT face=Arial size=2>One application for using hysterisis or my
definition "variability of rate/conditon vs. neutral": Snap roll
"condition" activated by a stick</FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=Arial size=2></FONT> </DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=Arial size=2>A very experienced world class F3A pilot shared one
way to execute snaps using the elevator stick to activate a different
"condition" which has a different aileron, rudder rates and exponential
values.</FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=Arial size=2></FONT> </DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=Arial size=2>Why would one want this? The pilot may have
established a preferred snap (speed, how deep...) for a model and desire to have
those values be throwing rudder and elevator sticks to the "stops" on the
transmitter. </FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=Arial size=2></FONT> </DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=Arial size=2>Challenges:</FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=Arial size=2></FONT> </DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=Arial size=2>1. When do you have this special condition
begin?</FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=Arial size=2>2. When do you want the condition to end
(hysterisis application) and return to normal flying?</FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=Arial size=2></FONT> </DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=Arial size=2>My preferences, based on the advice of the
aerobatic sage and personal comfortability:</FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=Arial size=2></FONT> </DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=Arial size=2>1. I use the elevator stick to activate
the condition at 90% of travel. I have one condition for positive
snaps and another for negative snaps. The condition alters the rudder
and aileron travel with unique values for left, right, positve and negative
snap rates/exponential.</FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=Arial size=2></FONT> </DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=Arial size=2>2. By using the hysterisis function
allows my condition to "end" once the elevator stick reaches
20% transmitter movement, returning the model to the original
condition or flying set-up. The variability of when
the condition ends or relative value to neutral is my understanding of
hysterisis.</FONT></DIV>
<DIV> </DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=Arial size=2>The Futaba 14MZ makes the aforementioned
process reasonably simple and speedy to program. Although I have a
12MZ, I am not positive if the hysterisis is available, but it seems to me
it does.</FONT></DIV>
<DIV> </DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=Arial size=2>Other applications for this "variablility
of rate/condition vs.neutral" for different set-up
preferences:</FONT></DIV>
<DIV> </DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=Arial size=2>Rudder- You may prefer to have one rate
of travel to initiate a manuever such as a stall turn and desire to select
a different rate for which that rate ends and a new
rate/exponential begins.</FONT> </DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=Arial size=2></FONT> </DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=Arial size=2>Rusty Dose</FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=Arial size=2>Team Futaba</FONT></DIV>
<BLOCKQUOTE
style="PADDING-RIGHT: 0px; PADDING-LEFT: 5px; MARGIN-LEFT: 5px; BORDER-LEFT: #000000 2px solid; MARGIN-RIGHT: 0px">
<DIV style="FONT: 10pt arial">----- Original Message ----- </DIV>
<DIV
style="BACKGROUND: #e4e4e4; FONT: 10pt arial; font-color: black"><B>From:</B>
<A title=vicenterc@comcast.net
href="mailto:vicenterc@comcast.net">vicenterc@comcast.net</A> </DIV>
<DIV style="FONT: 10pt arial"><B>To:</B> <A
title=nsrca-discussion@lists.nsrca.org
href="mailto:nsrca-discussion@lists.nsrca.org">NSRCA Mailing List</A> ; <A
title=nsrca-discussion@lists.nsrca.org
href="mailto:nsrca-discussion@lists.nsrca.org">NSRCA Mailing List</A> </DIV>
<DIV style="FONT: 10pt arial"><B>Sent:</B> Tuesday, December 25, 2007 8:13
AM</DIV>
<DIV style="FONT: 10pt arial"><B>Subject:</B> Re: [NSRCA-discussion] Futaba
and pattern ( A plus for Futaba)</DIV>
<DIV><BR></DIV>
<DIV>Earl,</DIV>
<DIV> </DIV>
<DIV>I think we are confusing two different concepts (hysteresis and dead
band). I can explain hysteresis better in materials. For example
and spring made with a material that loads and unloads in a different way
causing an hysteresis loop. That is very bad for us and I think we
want to minimize hysteresis in our systems. I will guess that if te 14Z
has an adjustment for the hysteresis you want to adjusted to reduce it as much
as possible. It is possible that in some cases we want hysteresis but I
am sure we want to minimize it in pattern. I am not sure why the hely
guys will want some hysteresis around neutral. This means that the servo
will respond in one way when going in one direction and the respond will be
different when the stick is coming back. Actually hysteresis not
necessarily needs to happen around neutral. It is possible that there
are situations where we want that in RC. However, I ! am sure
that we don't want any in pattern.</DIV>
<DIV> </DIV>
<DIV>Thanks and Merry Christmas,</DIV>
<DIV> </DIV>
<DIV>--<BR>Vicente "Vince" Bortone</DIV>
<DIV> </DIV>
<BLOCKQUOTE
style="PADDING-LEFT: 5px; MARGIN-LEFT: 5px; BORDER-LEFT: #1010ff 2px solid">--------------
Original message -------------- <BR>From: "Earl Haury"
<ejhaury@comcast.net> <BR>
<META content="MSHTML 6.00.6000.16587" name=GENERATOR>
<STYLE></STYLE>
<DIV><FONT face=Arial>Jim</FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=Arial></FONT> </DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=Arial>Hmmm - I wonder if it's a definition thing. Some
consider "hysteresis" to be the same as "dead band" and I assumed that was
the case with the 14MZ as a translation thing (my bad). If this were the
case, then adding a little would provide some slight bit of stick movement
at neutral without servo response at the trim neutral, the latter
being most important. Of course, as you've measured, hysteresis provides
some freedom of movement with neutral being at one side or the other of the
"gap". Definitely not good! I'll post a query on the Futaba Flyers Forum to
see what Baxter has to say about these settings.</FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=Arial></FONT> </DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=Arial>When you fly your 14MZ you will find the control to be
exceptionally "tight". My guess is that Futaba provided the stick
adjustments to "numb" it a bit for folks moving from loose systems.
Obviously true hysteresis isn't what we want. (For those wondering -
hysteresis might be explained as the gap in a furnace control thermostat
which turns the heating unit on at some low temp and off at a higher -
useful to prevent rapid cycling. However, there are then two set-points,
ergo two neutrals with a gap in the middle for our purposes.) </FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=Arial></FONT> </DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=Arial>While you were measuring the effect of the hysteresis
settings - did you happen to also take a look at the effect of the
"Response" settings? Specifically, does the high or low number provide the
best response and in what terms? </FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=Arial></FONT> </DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=Arial>Earl</FONT></DIV>
<BLOCKQUOTE
style="PADDING-RIGHT: 0px; PADDING-LEFT: 5px; MARGIN-LEFT: 5px; BORDER-LEFT: #000000 2px solid; MARGIN-RIGHT: 0px">
<DIV style="FONT: 10pt arial">----- Original Message ----- </DIV>
<DIV
style="BACKGROUND: #e4e4e4; FONT: 10pt arial; font-color: black"><B>From:</B>
<A title=joddino@socal.rr.com href="mailto:joddino@socal.rr.com">James
Oddino</A> </DIV>
<DIV style="FONT: 10pt arial"><B>To:</B> <A
title=nsrca-discussion@lists.nsrca.org
href="mailto:nsrca-discussion@lists.nsrca.org">NSRCA Mailing List</A>
</DIV>
<DIV style="FONT: 10pt arial"><B>Sent:</B> Monday, December 24, 2007 6:30
PM</DIV>
<DIV style="FONT: 10pt arial"><B>Subject:</B> Re: [NSRCA-discussion]
Futaba and pattern ( A plus for Futaba)</DIV>
<DIV><BR></DIV>Earl,
<DIV><BR class=webkit-block-placeholder></DIV>
<DIV>I set the maximum Hysteresis (32) and it looks like the it is about 8
microseconds so you'd have two neutrals about 8 microseconds apart.
In fact the pulse width tends to jump in 8 microsecond steps as you
move the sticks slowly. Not desirable. </DIV>
<DIV>Some of my original lack of a consistent neutral was probably due to
the default hysteresis set to 1. So the sticks are better than I
thought. </DIV>
<DIV>I also noted that when switching rates I was getting a shift in
neutral until I put the "stick deadband" (with zero hysteresis) in all
rates. </DIV>
<DIV>I think I'm going to love this radio.</DIV>
<DIV><BR class=webkit-block-placeholder></DIV>
<DIV>Jim O</DIV>
<DIV><BR class=webkit-block-placeholder></DIV>
<DIV><BR>
<DIV>
<DIV>On Dec 23, 2007, at 12:24 PM, Earl Haury wrote:</DIV><BR
class=Apple-interchange-newline>
<BLOCKQUOTE type="cite"><SPAN class=Apple-style-span
style="WORD-SPACING: 0px; FONT: 18px Helvetica; TEXT-TRANSFORM: none; COLOR: rgb(0,0,0); TEXT-INDENT: 0px; WHITE-SPACE: normal; LETTER-SPACING: normal; BORDER-COLLAPSE: separate; orphans: 2; widows: 2; webkit-border-horizontal-spacing: 0px; webkit-border-vertical-spacing: 0px; webkit-text-decorations-in-effect: none; webkit-text-size-adjust: auto; webkit-text-stroke-width: 0">
<DIV
style="WORD-WRAP: break-word; webkit-nbsp-mode: space; webkit-line-break: after-white-space"
bgcolor="#ffffff">
<DIV><FONT face=Arial>Jim O</FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=Arial></FONT> </DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=Arial>On the 14MZ, go to system, H/W, Stick Settings and
you are able to globally set the Response & Hysteresis for each
stick. You might find this easier than using the spline for setting a
deadband. (Be interested in the actual pw / bits difference with each
setting if you measure it.)</FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=Arial></FONT> </DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=Arial>Earl</FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=Arial></FONT> </DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=Arial></FONT> </DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=Arial></FONT> </DIV>
<BLOCKQUOTE
style="PADDING-RIGHT: 0px; PADDING-LEFT: 5px; MARGIN-LEFT: 5px; BORDER-LEFT: rgb(0,0,0) 2px solid; MARGIN-RIGHT: 0px">
<DIV style="FONT: 10pt arial">----- Original Message -----</DIV>
<DIV
style="FONT: 10pt arial; BACKGROUND-COLOR: rgb(228,228,228); webkit-background-clip: initial; webkit-background-origin: initial"><B>From:</B><SPAN
class=Apple-converted-space> </SPAN><A title=joddino@socal.rr.com
href="mailto:joddino@socal.rr.com">James Oddino</A></DIV>
<DIV style="FONT: 10pt arial"><B>To:</B><SPAN
class=Apple-converted-space> </SPAN><A
title=nsrca-discussion@lists.nsrca.org
href="mailto:nsrca-discussion@lists.nsrca.org">NSRCA Mailing
List</A></DIV>
<DIV style="FONT: 10pt arial"><B>Sent:</B><SPAN
class=Apple-converted-space> </SPAN>Sunday, December 23, 2007
12:08 PM</DIV>
<DIV style="FONT: 10pt arial"><B>Subject:</B><SPAN
class=Apple-converted-space> </SPAN>Re: [NSRCA-discussion] Futaba
and pattern ( A plus for Futaba)</DIV>
<DIV><BR></DIV>Bob,
<DIV><BR class=webkit-block-placeholder></DIV>
<DIV>I would think that 256 resolution would mask poor stick
centering. Think about 3 step resolution. Right, neutral left.
When you select neutral it is always the same unless you move
the stick to the extreme where you get right or left. The
problem is you can't trim neutral unless you do it with another
channel like folks did back in the reed days. Move the servo
with another servo.
<DIV><BR class=webkit-block-placeholder></DIV>
<DIV>You had many factors affecting trim in your 8 bit system starting
with drift in the servos and an AM link that introduced large changes
in pulse width to the servos as signal strength changed. You
could adjust linkages everyday and not keep up with everything that
was fighting you.</DIV>
<DIV>
<DIV>So if low resolution masks poor stick centering then more
resolution must emphasize it. This has always bothered me.
I learned long ago that the servos can resolve pulse widths that
would appear to be in the servo deadband. In the early dual rate
schemes we had to adjust the neutral if we changed the dual rate
setting. I tried using a servo to do this. Adjust the pot
until the servo didn't move as I switched the dual rate <SPAN
class=Apple-converted-space> </SPAN> <SPAN
class=Apple-converted-space> </SPAN>switch back and forth. Go
fly. Every time I threw the rate switch the trim would change.
Went home looked at it on a scope and sure enough the pulse
width was changing. Adjusted it so it didn't and the trim didn't
change with the position of the rate switch when I flew.</DIV>
<DIV><BR class=webkit-block-placeholder></DIV>
<DIV>This week I got a Futaba 14MZ. I checked the stick
centering with a scope. Not perfect. Plus or minus a few
bits. Now a bit in a 2048 is only about a half of a microsecond
change in pulse width to the servo so most folks don't care.
However I found that with the line or spline curve programming
of the control sicks I can put in a plus and minus .5% deadband in the
stick. Now the centering is perfect no matter how I return the
stick to neutral and I can trim it in .5 microsecond increments.
</DIV>
<DIV><BR class=webkit-block-placeholder></DIV>
<DIV>I love this high tech stuff.</DIV>
<DIV><BR class=webkit-block-placeholder></DIV>
<DIV>Jim O</DIV>
<DIV><BR class=webkit-block-placeholder></DIV>
<DIV><BR>
<DIV>
<DIV>On Dec 23, 2007, at 5:37 AM, Bob Richards wrote:</DIV><BR
class=Apple-interchange-newline>
<BLOCKQUOTE type="cite"><SPAN class=Apple-style-span
style="WORD-SPACING: 0px; FONT: 18px Helvetica; TEXT-TRANSFORM: none; COLOR: rgb(0,0,0); TEXT-INDENT: 0px; WHITE-SPACE: normal; LETTER-SPACING: normal; BORDER-COLLAPSE: separate; orphans: 2; widows: 2; webkit-border-horizontal-spacing: 0px; webkit-border-vertical-spacing: 0px; webkit-text-decorations-in-effect: none; webkit-text-size-adjust: auto; webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px">
<DIV>
<DIV>Jim,</DIV>
<DIV> </DIV>
<DIV>You may be correct, the stick centering depends on the quality
of the stick. But, throw in 256 instead of 1024
resolution, the step size is now 4 times as much and it would
be much more noticeable.</DIV>
<DIV> </DIV>
<DIV>Ok, if we were flying the 4 channel Conquest transmitter
(cheap plastic gimbals) with 148 servos (non-ball bearing) in a slow
moving trainer, we probably could not tell the difference between
256 and 2048 resolution. So, would I be better to fly a Conquest
radio in pattern? That seems to be the type logic I would get from
people that say 256 is "better than most servos".</DIV>
<DIV> </DIV>
<DIV>Oops, I forgot the Conquest is an analog radio. No steps
whatsoever. ;-)</DIV>
<DIV> </DIV>
<DIV>Bob R.</DIV>
<DIV><BR><BR><B><I>J N Hiller <<A
href="mailto:jnhiller@earthlink.net">jnhiller@earthlink.net</A>></I></B><SPAN
class=Apple-converted-space> </SPAN>wrote:</DIV>
<BLOCKQUOTE class=replbq
style="PADDING-LEFT: 5px; MARGIN-LEFT: 5px; BORDER-LEFT: rgb(16,16,255) 2px solid">
<DIV class=Section1>
<DIV class=MsoNormal
style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'"><SPAN
class=EmailStyle15 style="COLOR: navy"><FONT face=Arial color=navy
size=2><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">Guys I
don’t believe the mechanical stick centering is absolute enough
especially on a somewhat used radio at least on less than top of
the line transmitters. The detent design and pivot bearings are
less than shall we say industrial quality. Bob, I had the
roll-centering problem you described with my super 7 and felt it
was due to stick centering not being equal from either left or
right. I think my 9-C is better but not absolute. I wish I had one
of those little devices that displayed the signal count to verify
my suspicion.<O:P></O:P></SPAN></FONT></SPAN></DIV>
<DIV class=MsoNormal
style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'"><SPAN
class=EmailStyle15 style="COLOR: navy"><FONT face=Arial color=navy
size=2><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">Jim
Hiller<O:P></O:P></SPAN></FONT></SPAN></DIV>
<DIV class=MsoNormal
style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'"><SPAN
class=EmailStyle15 style="COLOR: navy"><FONT face=Arial color=navy
size=2><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Arial"><O:P></O:P></SPAN></FONT></SPAN></DIV>
<DIV class=MsoNormal
style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'"><FONT
face=Tahoma color=black size=2><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma">-----Original
Message-----<BR><B><SPAN
style="FONT-WEIGHT: bold">From:</SPAN></B><SPAN
class=Apple-converted-space> </SPAN><A
href="mailto:nsrca-discussion-bounces@lists.nsrca.org">nsrca-discussion-bounces@lists.nsrca.org</A><SPAN
class=Apple-converted-space> </SPAN>[<A
href="mailto:nsrca-discussion-bounces@lists.nsrca.org">mailto:nsrca-discussion-bounces@lists.nsrca.org</A>]<B><SPAN
style="FONT-WEIGHT: bold">On Behalf Of<SPAN
class=Apple-converted-space> </SPAN></SPAN></B>Bob
Richards<BR><B><SPAN
style="FONT-WEIGHT: bold">Sent:</SPAN></B><SPAN
class=Apple-converted-space> </SPAN>Saturday, December 22,
2007 3:37 PM<BR><B><SPAN
style="FONT-WEIGHT: bold">To:</SPAN></B><SPAN
class=Apple-converted-space> </SPAN>NSRCA Mailing
List<BR><B><SPAN style="FONT-WEIG: bold">Subject:</SPAN></B><SPAN
class=Apple-converted-space> </SPAN>Re: [NSRCA-discussion]
Futaba and pattern</SPAN></FONT></DIV>
<DIV class=MsoNormal
style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'"><FONT
face="Times New Roman" size=3><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt"><O:P></O:P></SPAN></FONT></DIV>
<DIV class=MsoNormal
style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'"><FONT
face="Times New Roman" color=black size=3><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black">Ron,</SPAN></FONT><FONT
color=black><SPAN
style="COLOR: black"><O:P></O:P></SPAN></FONT></DIV>
<DIV class=MsoNormal
style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'"><FONT
face="Times New Roman" color=black size=3><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black"></SPAN></FONT><FONT
color=black><SPAN
style="COLOR: black"><O:P></O:P></SPAN></FONT></DIV>
<DIV class=MsoNormal
style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'"><FONT
face="Times New Roman" color=black size=3><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black">All I can say is, I flew the
Micropro with every intention of competing at the '93 NATS with
it. I had trimming issues with my plane that I could not tune out.
Some flights would be good, some I could not trim the plane for
level flight (slight roll left or right). And, yes, I had taken
out all the throw I could mechanically so I had 100% throws
programmed into the radio. Frustrated, I decided to put my 7UAP in
the plane, and it immediately felt good. That is when I decided to
do a little digging and discovered the resolution
issue.</SPAN></FONT><FONT color=black><SPAN
style="COLOR: black"><O:P></O:P></SPAN></FONT></DIV>
<DIV class=MsoNormal
style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'"><FONT
face="Times New Roman" color=black size=3><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black"></SPAN></FONT><FONT
color=black><SPAN
style="COLOR: black"><O:P></O:P></SPAN></FONT></DIV>
<DIV class=MsoNormal
style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'"><FONT
face="Times New Roman" color=black size=3><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black">Whenever I mention that 256
is not good enough, I hear all sorts of reasons why 256 should be
sufficient. Yes, once the stick is moved away from
center, 256 probably is good enough. But when the stick is at
center, the darn servo better go back to the same position every
time. And you need fine resolution at center so the neutral
position can be varied in small enough amouts to arrive at
precisely the desired position. </SPAN></FONT><FONT
color=black><SPAN
style="COLOR: black"><O:P></O:P></SPAN></FONT></DIV>
<DIV class=MsoNormal
style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'"><FONT
face="Times New Roman" color=black size=3><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black"></SPAN></FONT><FONT
color=black><SPAN
style="COLOR: black"><O:P></O:P></SPAN></FONT></DIV>
<DIV class=MsoNormal
style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'"><FONT
face="Times New Roman" color=black size=3><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black">With a slightly worn stick
or pot, the neutral position might be bouncing between two
adjacent steps. With 256 resolution, this can be VERY noticeable.
With 1024 or higher resolution, not nearly as noticeable, if at
all.</SPAN></FONT><FONT color=black><SPAN
style="COLOR: black"><O:P></O:P></SPAN></FONT></DIV>
<DIV class=MsoNormal
style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'"><FONT
face="Times New Roman" color=black size=3><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black"></SPAN></FONT><FONT
color=black><SPAN
style="COLOR: black"><O:P></O:P></SPAN></FONT></DIV>
<DIV class=MsoNormal
style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'"><FONT
face="Times New Roman" color=black size=3><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black">Given the outcome of the '93
season with my old 7UAP, I'm glad I switched out the
radios.</SPAN></FONT><FONT color=black><SPAN
style="COLOR: black"><O:P></O:P></SPAN></FONT></DIV>
<DIV class=MsoNormal
style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'"><FONT
face="Times New Roman" color=black size=3><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black"></SPAN></FONT><FONT
color=black><SPAN
style="COLOR: black"><O:P></O:P></SPAN></FONT></DIV>
<DIV class=MsoNormal
style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'"><FONT
face="Times New Roman" color=black size=3><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black">Bob R.</SPAN></FONT><FONT
color=black><SPAN
style="COLOR: black"><O:P></O:P></SPAN></FONT></DIV>
<DIV class=MsoNormal
style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'"><FONT
face="Times New Roman" color=black size=3><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black"><BR><BR><B><I><SPAN
style="FONT-WEIGHT: bold; FONT-STYLE: italic">Ron Van Putte <<A
href="mailto:vanputte@cox.net">vanputte@cox.net</A>></SPAN></I></B><SPAN
class=Apple-converted-space> </SPAN>wrote:</SPAN></FONT><FONT
color=black><SPAN
style="COLOR: black"><O:P></O:P></SPAN></FONT></DIV>
<DIV
style="BORDER-RIGHT: medium none; PADDING-RIGHT: 0in; BORDER-TOP: medium none; PADDING-LEFT: 4pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0in; BORDER-LEFT: rgb(16,16,255) 1.5pt solid; PADDING-TOP: 0in; BORDER-BOTTOM: medium none">
<DIV class=MsoNormal
style="BORDER-RIGHT: medium none; PADDING-RIGHT: 0in; BORDER-TOP: medium none; PADDING-LEFT: 0in; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0in; MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; BORDER-LEFT: medium none; PADDING-TOP: 0in; BORDER-BOTTOM: medium none; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'"><FONT
face="Times New Roman" color=black size=3><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black">Hmmmm, I never thought of
blaming my radio's resolution for my bad flying. Let's see
now..........</SPAN></FONT><FONT color=black><SPAN
style="COLOR: black"><O:P></O:P></SPAN></FONT></DIV>
<DIV class=MsoNormal
style="BORDER-RIGHT: medium none; PADDING-RIGHT: 0in; BORDER-TOP: medium none; PADDING-LEFT: 0in; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0in; MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; BORDER-LEFT: medium none; PADDING-TOP: 0in; BORDER-BOTTOM: medium none; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'"><FONT
face="Times New Roman" color=black size=3><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black"></SPAN></FONT><FONT
color=black><SPAN
style="COLOR: black"><O:P></O:P></SPAN></FONT></DIV>
<DIV class=MsoNormal
style="BORDER-RIGHT: medium none; PADDING-RIGHT: 0in; BORDER-TOP: medium none; PADDING-LEFT: 0in; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0in; MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; BORDER-LEFT: medium none; PADDING-TOP: 0in; BORDER-BOTTOM: medium none; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'"><FONT
face="Times New Roman" color=black size=3><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black">Ron Van
Putte</SPAN></FONT><FONT color=black><SPAN
style="COLOR: black"><O:P></O:P></SPAN></FONT></DIV>
<DIV class=MsoNormal
style="BORDER-RIGHT: medium none; PADDING-RIGHT: 0in; BORDER-TOP: medium none; PADDING-LEFT: 0in; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0in; MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; BORDER-LEFT: medium none; PADDING-TOP: 0in; BORDER-BOTTOM: medium none; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'"><FONT
face="Times New Roman" color=black size=3><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black"></SPAN></FONT><FONT
color=black><SPAN
style="COLOR: black"><O:P></O:P></SPAN></FONT></DIV>
<DIV class=MsoNormal
style="BORDER-RIGHT: medium none; PADDING-RIGHT: 0in; BORDER-TOP: medium none; PADDING-LEFT: 0in; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0in; MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; BORDER-LEFT: medium none; PADDING-TOP: 0in; BORDER-BOTTOM: medium none; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'"><FONT
face="Times New Roman" color=black size=3><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black"><BR> </SPAN></FONT><FONT
color=black><SPAN
style="COLOR: black"><O:P></O:P></SPAN></FONT></DIV></DIV></DIV>_______________________________________________<BR>NSRCA-discussion
mailing list<BR><A
href="mailto:NSRCA-discussion@lists.nsrca.org">NSRCA-discussion@lists.nsrca.org</A><BR><A
href="http://lists.nsrca.org/mailman/listinfo/nsrca-discussion">http://lists.nsrca.org/mailman/listinfo/nsrca-discussion</A></BLOCKQUOTE><BR>_______________________________________________<BR>NSRCA-discussion
mailing list<BR><A
href="mailto:NSRCA-discussion@lists.nsrca.org">NSRCA-discussion@lists.nsrca.org</A><BR><A
href="ht! tp://lists.nsrca.org/mailman/listinfo/nsrca-discussion">http://lists.nsrca.org/mailman/listinfo/nsrca-discussion</A></DIV></SPAN></BLOCKQUOTE></DIV><BR></DIV></DIV></DIV>
<DIV><BR class=webkit-block-placeholder></DIV>
<HR>
<DIV><BR
class=webkit-block-placeholder></DIV>_______________________________________________<BR>NSRCA-discussion
mailing list<BR><A
href="mailto:NSRCA-discussion@lists.nsrca.org">NSRCA-discussion@lists.nsrca.org</A><BR><A
href="http://lists.nsrca.org/mailman/listinfo/nsrca-discussion">http://lists.nsrca.org/mailman/listinfo/nsrca-discussion</A></BLOCKQUOTE>_______________________________________________<BR>NSRCA-discussion
mailing list<BR><A
href="mailto:NSRCA-discussion@lists.nsrca.org">NSRCA-discussion@lists.nsrca.org</A><BR><A
href="http://lists.nsrca.org/mailman/listinfo/nsrca-discussion">http://lists.nsrca.org/mailman/listinfo/nsrca-discussion</A></DIV></SPAN></BLOCKQUOTE></DIV><BR></DIV>
<P>
<HR>
<P></P>_______________________________________________<BR>NSRCA-discussion
mailing
list<BR>NSRCA-discussion@lists.nsrca.org<BR>http://lists.nsrca.org/mailman/listinfo/nsrca-discussion</BLOCKQUOTE></BLOCKQUOTE>
<P>
<HR>
<P></P>_______________________________________________<BR>NSRCA-discussion
mailing
list<BR>NSRCA-discussion@lists.nsrca.org<BR>http://lists.nsrca.org/mailman/listinfo/nsrca-discussion</BLOCKQUOTE></BODY></HTML>